PAPER-II
- EvolutionoftheIndianCulture and Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, NeolithicandNeolithic-Chalcolithic),Protohistoric(IndusCivilization).Pre-Harappan,Harappanandpost-Harappancultures.ContributionsofthetribalculturestoIndiancivilization.
- Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin(Ramapithecus,SivapithecusandNarmadaMan).
1.3.Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among thehunting,foraging,fishing,pastoralandpeasantcommunitiesincludingartsandcraftsproducingcommunities.
- DemographicprofileofIndia—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and theirdistribution.Indianpopulation—factorsinfluencingitsstructureandgrowth.
- The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma,RinaandRebirth.
- Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of castesystem,Dominantcaste,Castemobility,Futureofcastesystem,Jajmanisystem.Tribe-casecontinuum.
- SacredComplexandNature-Man-SpiritComplex.
3.4. ImpactofBuddhism,Jainism,IslamandChristianityofIndiansociety.
- Emergence, growth and developmentin India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20thCenturyscholar-administrators.ContributionsofIndian anthropologiststotribalandcastestudies.
- Indian Village—Significane of village study in India; Indian village as a social system; Traditionaland changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages;ImpactofglobalizationonIndianvillages.
- Linguisticandreligiousminoritiesandtheirsocial,politicalandeconomicstatus.
- Indigenousandexogenousprocessesofsocio-culturalchangeinIndiansociety:Sanskritization,
Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and socialchange;MediaandSocialchange.
- TribalsituationinIndia—Bio-geneticvariability,linguistic and socio-economic characteristics
- Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, pooreducationalfacilities,unemployment,under-employment,healthandnutrition.
- Developmentofforestpolicyandtribals.Impactofurbanisationandindustrializationontribalpopulations.
- Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other BackwardConstitutionalsafeguardsforScheduledTribesandScheduledCastes.
- Socialchangeandcontemporarytribalsocieties:Impactofmoderndemocraticinstitutions,developmentprogrammesandwelfaremeasuresontribalsandweakersections.
- Theconceptofethnicity;Ethnicconflictsandpoliticaldevelopments;Unrest among tribalcommunities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among thetribesduringcolonialandpost-IndependentIndia.
- ImpactofHinduism,Buddhism,Christianity,Islamandotherreligionsontribalsocieties.
- Tribeandnationstate—acomparativestudyoftribalcommunitiesinIndiaandothercountries.
- History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal developmentandtheirimplementation.TheconceptofPTGs(PrimitiveTribalGroups),theirdistribution,specialprogrammesfortheirdevelopment.RoleofN.G.O.sintribaldevelopment.
- Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic andpoliticalmovements.
1. MicrobiologyandPlantPathology:
BOTANYPAPER-I
Structureandreproduction/multiplicationofviruses,viroids,bacteria,fungiandmycoplasma;Applicationsofmicrobiology in agriculture, industry, medicine and in control of soil and water pollution;PrionandPrionhypothesis.
Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes ofinfection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology ofparasitismandcontrolmeasures.Fungaltoxins.Modellinganddiseaseforecasting;Plantquarantine.
2. Cryptogams:
Algae,fungi,lichens,bryophytes,pteridophytes-structureandreproductionfromevolutionaryviewpoint;DistributionofCryptogamsinIndiaandtheirecologicalandeconomicimportance.
3. Phanerogams:
Gymnosperms : Conceptof Progymnosperms.Classification and distribution ofgymnosperms.SalientfeaturesofCycadales,Ginkgoales,ConiferalesandGnetales,theirstructureandreproduction.
GeneralaccountofCycadofilicales,BennettitalesandCordiaitailes;Geologicaltimescale;Typeoffossilsandtheirstudytechniques.
Angiosperms:Systematics,anatomy,embryology,palynologyandphylogency.
Taxonomichierarchy;InternationalCodeofBotanicalNomenclature;Numericaltaxomomyandchemotaxomomy;Evidencefromanatomy,embryologyandpalynology.
Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification ofangiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae,Fabaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Malvaceae,Dipterocarpaceae,Apiaceae,Asclepiadaceae,Verbenaceae,Solanaceae,Rubiaceae,Cucurbitaceae,Asteraceae,Poaceae,Arecaceae,Liliaceae,MusaceaeandOrchidaceae.
Stomataandtheirtypes;Glandularandnon-glandulartrichomes;Unusualsecondarygrowth;AnatomyofC3andC4plants;Xylemandphloemdifferentiation;Woodanatomy.
Developmentofmaleandfemalegametophytes,pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—itsdevelopmentandfunction.Patternsofembryodevelopment;Polyembroyony,apomixes;Applicationsofpalynology;Experimentalembryologyincludingpollenstorageandtest-tubefertilization.
4. PlantResourceDevelopment:
Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin.Plantsassourcesforfood,fodder,fibres,spices,beverages,edibleoils,drugs,narcotics,insecticides,timber,gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany inIndiancontext;Energyplantations;BotanicalGardensandHerbaria.
5. Morphogenesis:
Totipotency,polarity,symmetryanddifferentiation;Cell,tissue, organ and protoplast culture.Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids,embryorescuemethodsandtheirapplications."