Notification

PAPER-II

• EvolutionoftheIndianCulture and  Civilization—Prehistoric (Palaeolithic, Mesolithic,  NeolithicandNeolithic-Chalcolithic),Protohistoric(IndusCivilization).Pre-Harappan,Harappanandpost-Harappancultures.ContributionsofthetribalculturestoIndiancivilization.
• Palaeo—Anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliks and Narmada basin(Ramapithecus,SivapithecusandNarmadaMan).

1.3.Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and Parallels among thehunting,foraging,fishing,pastoralandpeasantcommunitiesincludingartsandcraftsproducingcommunities.

2. DemographicprofileofIndia—Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian population and theirdistribution.Indianpopulation—factorsinfluencingitsstructureandgrowth.

• The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system—Varnashram, Purushartha, Karma,RinaandRebirth.
• Caste system in India— Structure and characteristics Varna and caste, Theories of origin of castesystem,Dominantcaste,Castemobility,Futureofcastesystem,Jajmanisystem.Tribe-casecontinuum.
• SacredComplexandNature-Man-SpiritComplex.

3.4.     ImpactofBuddhism,Jainism,IslamandChristianityofIndiansociety.

4. Emergence, growth and developmentin India—Contributions of the 18th, 19th and early 20thCenturyscholar-administrators.ContributionsofIndian anthropologiststotribalandcastestudies.

• Indian Village—Significane  of village  study in India; Indian village  as  a social system; Traditionaland changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste relations; Agrarian relations in Indian villages;ImpactofglobalizationonIndianvillages.
• Linguisticandreligiousminoritiesandtheirsocial,politicalandeconomicstatus.
• Indigenousandexogenousprocessesofsocio-culturalchangeinIndiansociety:Sanskritization,

Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of little and great traditions; Panchayati Raj and socialchange;MediaandSocialchange.

• TribalsituationinIndia—Bio-geneticvariability,linguistic and  socio-economic  characteristics 
• Problems of the tribal Communities—Land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low literacy, pooreducationalfacilities,unemployment,under-employment,healthandnutrition.
• Developmentofforestpolicyandtribals.Impactofurbanisationandindustrializationontribalpopulations.
• Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other BackwardConstitutionalsafeguardsforScheduledTribesandScheduledCastes.
• Socialchangeandcontemporarytribalsocieties:Impactofmoderndemocraticinstitutions,developmentprogrammesandwelfaremeasuresontribalsandweakersections.
• Theconceptofethnicity;Ethnicconflictsandpoliticaldevelopments;Unrest among tribalcommunities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism. Social change among thetribesduringcolonialandpost-IndependentIndia.
• ImpactofHinduism,Buddhism,Christianity,Islamandotherreligionsontribalsocieties.
• Tribeandnationstate—acomparativestudyoftribalcommunitiesinIndiaandothercountries.
• History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of tribal developmentandtheirimplementation.TheconceptofPTGs(PrimitiveTribalGroups),theirdistribution,specialprogrammesfortheirdevelopment.RoleofN.G.O.sintribaldevelopment.
• Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism and ethnic andpoliticalmovements.

1.  MicrobiologyandPlantPathology:

BOTANYPAPER-I

Structureandreproduction/multiplicationofviruses,viroids,bacteria,fungiandmycoplasma;Applicationsofmicrobiology in agriculture,  industry, medicine  and  in control of soil and water pollution;PrionandPrionhypothesis.

Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nematodes; Modes ofinfection and dissemination; Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology ofparasitismandcontrolmeasures.Fungaltoxins.Modellinganddiseaseforecasting;Plantquarantine.

2.  Cryptogams:

Algae,fungi,lichens,bryophytes,pteridophytes-structureandreproductionfromevolutionaryviewpoint;DistributionofCryptogamsinIndiaandtheirecologicalandeconomicimportance.

3. Phanerogams:

Gymnosperms : Conceptof Progymnosperms.Classification and distribution ofgymnosperms.SalientfeaturesofCycadales,Ginkgoales,ConiferalesandGnetales,theirstructureandreproduction.

GeneralaccountofCycadofilicales,BennettitalesandCordiaitailes;Geologicaltimescale;Typeoffossilsandtheirstudytechniques.

Angiosperms:Systematics,anatomy,embryology,palynologyandphylogency.

Taxonomichierarchy;InternationalCodeofBotanicalNomenclature;Numericaltaxomomyandchemotaxomomy;Evidencefromanatomy,embryologyandpalynology.

Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systems of classification ofangiosperms; Study of angiospermic families— Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae,Fabaceae,Euphorbiaceae,Malvaceae,Dipterocarpaceae,Apiaceae,Asclepiadaceae,Verbenaceae,Solanaceae,Rubiaceae,Cucurbitaceae,Asteraceae,Poaceae,Arecaceae,Liliaceae,MusaceaeandOrchidaceae.

Stomataandtheirtypes;Glandularandnon-glandulartrichomes;Unusualsecondarygrowth;AnatomyofC3andC4plants;Xylemandphloemdifferentiation;Woodanatomy.

Developmentofmaleandfemalegametophytes,pollination, fertilization; Endosperm—itsdevelopmentandfunction.Patternsofembryodevelopment;Polyembroyony,apomixes;Applicationsofpalynology;Experimentalembryologyincludingpollenstorageandtest-tubefertilization.

4. PlantResourceDevelopment:

Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants, Vavilov’s centres of origin.Plantsassourcesforfood,fodder,fibres,spices,beverages,edibleoils,drugs,narcotics,insecticides,timber,gums, resins and dyes; latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance of Ethnobotany inIndiancontext;Energyplantations;BotanicalGardensandHerbaria.

5.  Morphogenesis:

Totipotency,polarity,symmetryanddifferentiation;Cell,tissue,  organ  and  protoplast  culture.Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids,embryorescuemethodsandtheirapplications."