Notification

PAPER-II

1. Anatomy,PharmacologyandHygiene:
   • HistologyandHistologicalTechniques:Paraffinembeddingtechniqueoftissueprocessingand

H.E.staining—Freezingmicrotomy—MicroscopyBrightfieldmicroscopeandelectronmicroscope.Cytology-structureofcellorganellsandinclusions;celldivision-celltypes—Tissuesandtheirclassification-embryonicandadulttissues—Comparativehistologyoforgans—Vascular,Nervous,digestive,respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrineglands—Integuments—senseorgans.

• —Embryologyofvertebrateswithspecialreferencetoavesanddomesticmammalsgametogenesis-fertilization-germlayers-foetalmembranesandplacentation-typesofplacentaindomesticmammals-Teratology-twinsandtwinning-organogenesis-germlayer derivatives-endodermal,mesodermalandectodermalderivatives.
• —RegionalAnatomy:ParanasalsinusesofOX— surface  anatomy  of  salivaryglands.Regionalanatomyofinfraorbital,maxillary,mandi-buloalveolar,mental andcornnalnerveblock.Regionalanatomyofparavertebralnerves,pudentalnerve,median,ulnar and radialnervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-superficiallymphnodes-surfaceanatomyofvisceralorgansofthoracic,abdominalandpelviccavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in thebiomechanics ofmammalianbody.
• Anatomy ofFowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration andflying,digestionandeggproduction.
• —Cellularlevel of pharmacodynamics andpharmacokinetics.Drugsactingonfluidsand electrolyte  balance.  Drugs  acting  on  Autonomicnervoussystem.Modernconceptsofanaesthesiaanddissociativeanaesthetics.Autocoids.Antimicrobialsandprinciplesofchemotherapyinmicrobialinfections.Useofhormonesintherapeutics—chemotherapyofparasiticinfections.Drugand  economic  concerns  in  the  Edibletissuesofanimals—chemotherapyofNeoplastic  diseases.  Toxicity  due  to  “insecticides,  plants,metals,non-metals,zootoxinsandmycotoxins”.
• Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution ofwater, air and soil—Importanceof climatein animalhealth—effectof environmenton animalfunction and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animalhousing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows,milkingcows,broilerbirds—stress,strainandproductivityinrelationtoanimalhabitation.

2.                 AnimalDiseases:

• Etiology,epidemiologypathogenesis,symptoms,post-moretemlesions,diagnosis,andcontrolofinfectiousdiseasesofcattle,sheepandgoat,horses,pigsandpoultry.
• Etiology,epidemiology,symptoms,diagnosis,treatmentofproductiondiseasesofcattle,horse,pigandpoultry.
•  
• Diagnosisandtreatmentofnon-specificconditionslikeimpaction,Bloat,Diarrhoea,Indigestion,dehydration,stroke,poisioning.
•  
• Principlesandmethodsofimmunisationofanimalsagainstspecificdiseases—hardimmunity—diseasefreezones—‘zero’diseaseconcept—chemoprophylaxis.
• —local,regionalandgeneral-prenestheticmedication.Symptomsandsurgicalinterferenceinfracturesanddislocation.Hernia,chokingabomassaldisplacement—Caesarianoperations.Rumenotomy—Castrations.
• Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment. AnimalHealthCentres—Diseasefreezone.

3.   VeterinaryPublicHealth:

• —Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission ofzoonoticdiseases—occupationalzoonoticdiseases.
• —Principle,definitionofepidemiologicalterms,applicationofepidemiologicalmeasures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water andfoodborneinfections.OIEregulation,WTO,sanitaryandphytosanitarymeasures.
• —RulesandRegulationsforimprovementofanimal quality andprevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal productbornediseases—S.P.C.A.—Veterolegalcases—Certificates—MaterialsandMethodsofcollectionofsamplesforveterolegalinvestigation.

4.     MilkandMilkProductsTechnology:

• —Quality,testingandgradingofrawmilk.Processing,packaging,storing,distribution,marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized,toned,doubletoned,sterilized,homogenized,reconstituted,recombinedandflavouredmilks.Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand.Preparationofflavouredandsterilizedmilks.Legalstandards.Sanitationrequirementforcleanandsafemilkandforthemilkplantequipment.
• —Selectionofrawmaterials,processing,storing,distributingandmarketingmilkproductssuchasCream,Butter,Ghee,Khoa,Channa,Cheese,condensed,evaporated,driedmilkandbabyfood,lcecreamandKulfi;by-products,wheyproducts,buttermilk,lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products—BIS and Agmark specifications, legalstandards,qualitycontrolnutritiveproperties.Packagingprocessingandoperationalcontrol.Costingofdairyproducts.

5.   MeatHygieneandTechnology:

• MeatHygiene
  • Ante mortem careand management of food animals,stunning, slaughter and dressingoperations;abattoirrequirementsanddesigns;Meatinspectionproceduresandjudgementofcarcassmeatcuts—gradingofcarcassmeatcuts—dutiesandfunctionsofVeterinariansinwholesomemeatproduction.
  • —Spoilageofmeat and  control  measures—Post-slaughterphysicochemicalchangesinmeatandfactorsthatinfluencethem—Qualityimprovementmethods—Adulteration ofmeat and  detection—Regulatory  provisions  in Meat tradeandIndustry.

5.2             MeatTechnology

• —Meatemulsions—Methodsofpreservationofmeat—Curing,canning,irradiation,packagingofmeatandmeatproducts, processing andformulations.

• By-products.—Slaughterhouseby-productsandtheirutilisation—Edibleandinediblebyproducts—Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house by-products—Organproductsforfoodandpharmaceuticals.
• Poultry Products Technology.—Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, pre-slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meatandproducts.LegalandBISstandards.

Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance.Marketingofpoultrymeat,eggsandproducts.

• Rabbit/Fur Animal farming.—Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool andrecyclingofwastebyproducts.Gradingofwool.

ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER-I

• Meaning,ScopeanddevelopmentofAnthropology.
• Relationships with other disciplines : Social Sciences, behavioural Sciences, Life Sciences, MedicalSciences,EarthSciencesandHumanities.
• MainbranchesofAnthropology,theirscopeandrelevance:
  • Social-culturalAnthropology.
• HumanEvolutionandemergenceofMan:
  
  • TheoriesofOrganicEvolution(Pre-Darwinian,DarwinianandPost-Darwinian).
  • Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary biology(Doll’srule,Cope’srule,Gause’srule,parallelism,convergence,adaptiveradiation,andmosaicevolution).
• CharacteristicsofPrimates;EvolutionaryTrendandPrimateTaxonomy;PrimateAdaptations;(ArborealandTerrestrial)PrimateTaxonomy;PrimateBehaviour;TertiaryandQuaternaryfossilprimates; Living Major Primates;ComparativeAnatomyof Man andApes; Skeletal changes  due 
• Phylogeneticstatus,characteristicsandgeographicaldistributionofthefollowing:
  • Plio-preleistocenehominidsinSouthandEastAfrica—Australopithecines.
  • Homo erectus : Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus (heidelbergensis), Asia (Homoerectusjavanicus,Homoerectuspekinensis.
  • Neanderthalman—La-chapelle-aux-saints(Classicaltype),Mt.Carmel(Progressivetype).
  • Homosapiens—Cromagnon,GrimaldiandChancelede.
• Thebiological basisof Life: TheCell,DNA structure and replication, Protein Synthesis, Gene,Mutation,Chromosomes,andCellDivision.
• (a)PrinciplesofPrehistoricArchaeology.Chronology:RelativeandAbsoluteDatingmethods.

(b)CulturalEvolution—BroadOutlinesof Prehistoriccultures:

• Paleolithic
• Mesolithic
• Neolithic
• Chalcolithic
• Copper-Bronzeage
• IronAge
  • The Nature of Culture : The concept and Characteristics of culture and civilization; Ethnocentrismvis-a-visculturalRelativism.
  • The Nature of Society : Concept of Society; Societyand Culture; Social Institution; Social groups;andSocialstratification.
  • Marriage:Definitionanduniversality;Lawsofmarriage (endogamy, exogamy, hypergamy,hypogamy,incesttaboo);Typeofmarriage(monogamy,polygamy,polyandry,groupmarriage).Functions of marriage; Marriage regulations (preferential,prescriptiveandproscriptive); Marriagepayments(bridewealthanddowry).
  • Family:Definition anduniversality;Family,household and domesticgroups;functionsof family;Typesoffamily(fromtheperspectivesofstructure,bloodrelation,marriage,residence andsuccession);Impactofurbanization,industrializationandfeministmovementsonfamily.
  • Kinship : Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal, Double, BilateralAmbilineal);Formsofdescentgroups(lineage,clan,phratry,moietyandkindred);Kinshipterminology(descriptiveand classificatory); Descent,Filiation and Complimentary Filiation;Decent

3. Economic Organization : Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology; Formalist andSubstantivistdebate;Principlesgoverningproduction,distributionandexchange(reciprocity,redistributionandmarket),incommunities,subsistingonhuntingandgathering,fishing,swiddening,pastoralism,horticulture,andagriculture;globalizationandindigenouseconomicsystems.
4. Political Organization and Social Control : Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdom and state; concepts ofpower,authorityandlegitimacy;socialcontrol,lawandjusticeinsimpleSocieties.
5. Religion:Anthropologicalapproachestothestudyofreligion(evolutionary,psychologicalandfunctional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and profane; myths and rituals; forms of religion intribalandpeasantSocieties (animism,  animatism,  fetishism,  naturism  and  totemism);  religion,magicandsciencedistinguished;magico-religiousfunctionaries(priest,shaman,medicineman,sorcererandwitch).

6.    Anthropologicaltheories:

• Classicalevolutionism(Tylor,MorganandFrazer)
• Historicalparticularism(Boas)Diffusionism(British,GermanandAmerican)
• Functionalism(Malinowski);Structural—Functionlism(Radcliffe-Brown)
• Structuralism(L’evi-StraussandE.Leach)
• Cultureandpersonality(Benedict,Mead,Linton,KardinerandCora-duBois)
• Neo—evolutionism(Childe,White,Steward,SahlinsandService)
• Culturalmaterialism(Harris)
• Symbolicandinterpretivetheories(Turner,SchneiderandGeertz)
• Cognitivetheories(Tyler,Conklin)
• Post-modernisminanthropology.

7. Culture,LanguageandCommunication:

Nature,originandcharacteristicsof language;verbalandnon-verbalcommunication;social contexoflanguageuse.

8. ResearchmethodsinAnthropology:

• Fieldworktraditioninanthropology
• Distinctionbetweentechnique,methodandmethodology
• Tools of data collection : observation, interview, schedules, questionnaire, case study, genealogy,life-history,oralhistory,secondarysourcesofinformation,participatorymethods.
• Analysis,interpretationandpresentationofdata.
• HumanGenetics: MethodsandApplication:Methodsforstudyofgeneticprinciplesinman-familystudy (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomaland karyo-type analysis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology andrecombinanttechnologies.
• Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenicinheritanceinman.
• Conceptofgeneticpolymorphismandselection,Mendelianpopulation,Hardy-Weinberglaw;causesand changes which bring down frequency-mutation, isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding andgeneticdrift.Consanguineousandnon-consanguineousmating,geneticload,geneticeffectofconsanguineousandcousinmarriages.
• Chromosomesandchromosomalaberrationsinman,methodology.
  • Numericalandstructuralaberrations(disorders).
  • Sexchromosomalaberration-Klinefelter(XXY),Turner(XO),Superfemale(XXX),intersex
  • Autosomalaberrations-Downsyndrome,Patau,EdwardandCri-du-chatsyndromes.
  • Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human DNA profiling,genemappingandgenomestudy.
• Raceandracism,biologicalbasisofmorphologicalvariationofnon-metricandcharacters.Racialcriteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; biological basis of racial classification,racialdifferentiationandracecrossinginman.
• Age,sexandpopulationvariationasgeneticmarker:ABO,Rhbloodgroups,HLAHp,transferring,Gm,bloodenzymes.Physiologicalcharacteristics-Hblevel,bodyfat,pulserate,respiratory functionsandsensoryperceptionsin differentculturalandsocio-ecomomicgroups.
• ConceptsandmethodsofEcologicalAnthropology:Bio-culturalAdaptations—GeneticandNon-genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, highaltitudeclimate.
• EpidemiologicalAnthropology:Infectiousandnon-infectiousdiseases,Nutritionaldeficiencyrelateddiseases.

10. ConceptofhumangrowthandDevelopment:Stagesof growth—pre-natal, natal,  infant,childhood,adolescence,maturity,senescence.

—Factorsaffectinggrowthanddevelopmentgenetic,environmental,biochemical,nutritional,culturalandsocio-economic.

—Ageingandsenescence.Theoriesandobservations

—biologicalandchronologicallongevity.Humanphysiqueandsomatotypes.Methodologiesforgrowthstudies.

• Relevanceofmenarche,menopauseandotherbioeventstofertility.Fertilitypatternsanddifferentials.
• Demographictheories-biological,socialandcultural.
• Biologicalandsocio-ecologicalfactorsinfluencingfecundity,fertility,natalityandmortality.

12.ApplicationsofAnthropology :Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropology, Anthroplogy indesigningofdefenceandotherequipments,ForensicAnthroplogy,  Methods  and  principles  ofpersonalidentificationandreconstruction,Appliedhumangenetics—Paternitydiagnosis,geneticcounsellingandeugenics,DNAtechnologyindiseasesandmedicine,serogeneticsandcytogeneticsinreproductivebiology.