Zombie deer disease

News Excerpt:

Zombie deer disease, a chronic wasting disease caused by prions, is spreading across North America, Scandinavia, and South Korea.

About Zombie Deer Disease:

  • It is a chronic wasting disease that affects deer, elk, reindeer, sika deer, and moose.
  • It can affect animals of all ages and may take over a year before an infected animal develops symptoms, including drastic weight loss (wasting), stumbling, listlessness and other neurologic symptoms.
  • There are no treatments or vaccines for the disease.
  • It spreads between animals through body fluids like faeces, saliva, blood, or urine, either through direct contact or indirectly through environmental contamination of soil, food or water. 
  • It can spread quickly between deer populations
    • It can also infect humans and pose a risk to wild populations.

Why is it called zombie deer disease?

  • Zombie deer disease is a fatal neurological illness affecting deer, elk, moose, and related species. 
  • It's caused by abnormal proteins called prions, which damage the brain and nerve tissues. 
  • Symptoms include emaciation, disorientation, lethargy, and abnormal behaviour, earning it the nickname "zombie" due to affected animals exhibiting staggering gaits and vacant expressions. 

What is Prion?

  • A prion is a type of protein that can cause disease in animals and humans by triggering normally healthy proteins in the brain to fold abnormally.
  • The prion mode of action is very different to bacteria and viruses as they are simply proteins, devoid of any genetic material
  • Once a misfolded prion enters a healthy person – potentially by eating infected food – it converts correctly-folded proteins into the disease-associated form. 
    • For example, Mad cow disease is a progressive neurological disorder of cattle that results from infection by a prion.

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