GS Paper - II

A string of deaths in Laos tied to tainted alcohol has raised global alarm and renewed concerns about methanol poisoning from alcoholic drinks. Six tourists tragically lost their lives in Laos due to suspected methanol poisoning, as reported by the Associated Press. This incident follows a similar tragedy in southern India in June, where at least 56 people perished after consuming methanol-laced liquor.

How does alcohol cause methanol poisoning?

• Methanol poisoning typically occurs when counterfeit or illicit alcohol, often containing methanol, is consumed instead of ethanol—the type of alcohol found in beverages. In the body, methanol is metabolised by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase into formaldehyde and then into formic acid, both of which are toxic.
• Ethanol, however, competes for the same enzyme, acting as a temporary antidote by slowing down methanol metabolism. Methanol poisoning Methanol, a highly toxic substance, is sometimes added to alcohol as a cheaper alternative to ethanol.

Is methanol poisoning fatal?

• Methanol poisoning can indeed be fatal if left untreated. The toxic byproducts lead to complications such as:
• Metabolic Acidosis: A dangerous drop in blood pH levels.
• Optic Nerve Damage: Potentially resulting in partial or complete blindness.
• Central Nervous System Depression: Causing confusion, coma, or death.
• The severity of these effects depends on the amount of methanol consumed and the timeliness of medical intervention.

Preventing methanol poisoning

• Prevention is key to reducing the incidence of methanol poisoning, Dr Singh noted. Here are some effective measures:
• Avoid Non-Drinkable Alcohol: Never consume industrial alcohol or alcoholic beverages from unverified sources, as they may contain methanol.
• Regulated Alcohol Sales: Governments should ensure the production and sale of alcohol adhere to safety standards to eliminate harmful levels of methanol.
• Public Awareness: Educate communities about the dangers of consuming illicit or counterfeit alcohol.
• Methanol Screening: Regular testing of alcoholic products in unregulated markets can help identify and prevent contaminated beverages from reaching consumers.
• Seek Prompt Medical Care: If methanol poisoning is suspected, immediate medical attention can be life-saving.
• Methanol poisoning is a preventable but dangerous condition. Public awareness, stringent regulations, and timely medical intervention are crucial to managing its risks.